Hajj consists of pillars, which cannot be expiated if missed, and obligations which can be expiated if missed, although one would be sinful for skipping it intentionally.
Pillars
1 Ihram
2 ‘Arafa (after Maghrib)
3 Tawaf al-Ifada
4 Sa’y
Obligations
1 Tawaf al-Qudum
2 Going to Muzdalifa (for a short while)
3 Stoning Jamrat al-’Aqaba (any time after Fajr)
4 Cutting or shaving (cutting would be near scalp)
5 Stoning ‘Aqaba before shaving or cutting
6 Stoning ‘Aqaba before Tawaf al-Ifada
7 Spending the night in Mina
8 Stoning the three pillars on the days of Mina (starting after Dhuhr)
Obligations can be expiated (below).
The Expiations
The expiations of Hajj are three types:
1 Hady: the slaughter of a sheep or goat
2 Fidya: fasting three days or the feeding of six poor Muslims two mudds
3 Hifna: the feeding of one poor Mulim one handful of food
Hady (slaughter) is required for:
1 Tamattu’
2 Qiran
3 Omitting one of the eight* obligations (fara’id) of Hajj
4 Sexual intercourse
5 Emission of sexual fluid even if merely by looking or fantasizing
6 Emission of pre-seminal fluid
7 Kissing on the mouth
Fidya (fasting or feeding) is required for:
1 Shaving before stoning
2 Covering the face
3 Covering the head for male
4 Wearing a khuff while sandals are available
5 Squeezing a pimple or injury
6 Placing a large bandaid on a pimple or wound
7 Oiling or lotioning oneself without a need even if scentless
8 Removing a nail due to a harm
9 Removing more than one nail or hair for any reason
9 Removing or killing ten or more insects
10 Using henna or kuhl without a reason
Hifna (one handful of food) is required for:
1 Clipping a nail for no reason
2 Removing hairs that are less than ten in number without reason
3 Killing an insect but less than ten
Things that do not require expiation:
Carrying arms
Touching perfume the scent of which has faded away
Removing and pushing away harmless insects
Killing harmful pests and animals
Written by: Shadee Elmasry
Source: Habib bin Tahir. Al-Fiqh al-Maliki wa Adillatuhu.
